Which of the following is a method for biosolids disposal?

Biosolids disposal encompasses a range of methods that are implemented based on regulatory compliance, environmental considerations, and the specific characteristics of the biosolids produced. The correct answer indicates that there are multiple acceptable methods for biosolids disposal, which include land application, incineration, and landfill.

Land application involves spreading treated biosolids on agricultural land or other suitable sites to enhance soil fertility and structure while promoting crop growth. This method not only recycles nutrients but also reduces the volume of waste that needs to be managed.

Incineration is another method where biosolids are burned at high temperatures, resulting in the reduction of waste volume and potential pathogens. This process converts organic materials into ash, which can then be further managed or disposed of. It also helps in energy recovery if implemented in a combined heat and power system.

Landfilling is a traditional method where biosolids are disposed of in a controlled landfill site. This can be a viable option when other methods are not feasible due to site-specific conditions or regulatory constraints. Landfills are designed to manage waste in an environmentally safe manner, although they can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions over time.

By combining these three methods, wastewater treatment facilities have the flexibility to manage biosolids in