What is a primary function of a septic tank?

A primary function of a septic tank is to treat wastewater through biological processes. In a septic system, wastewater from the household is directed into the tank where it undergoes a natural biological treatment process. The tank provides an anaerobic environment where bacteria break down organic matter, decomposing solids into simpler substances. This biological activity helps reduce the amount of harmful pathogens and organic material before the effluent is released into the drain field for further treatment and absorption into the soil.

While the tank does store wastewater temporarily, its main role is not to hold it indefinitely, as it is designed to allow for periodic emptying and maintenance. The tank does not enhance water pressure in pipes; that function is handled by pumps or gravity in a wastewater system. Additionally, while septic tanks do filter out some contaminants, they do not eliminate all contaminants completely. Thus, the biological treatment is a crucial aspect of how septic systems function effectively in managing household wastewater.